There are not set in stone rules, but generally speaking, higher rep/volume training leads to more adaptation of sarcoplasmic hypertrophy. (where the cell can hold more fluid / glycogen).
Myofibril hypertrophy, where actual new muscle cells are created, is generally associated with working 3-12 reps (failure not required).
Again, you wont experience just one type of muscle growth with a certain program, but lifting 'heavy' (heavy defined as beginning at 80%+ you 1rm) is generally thought to be the best path towards hypertrophy in general.
An untrained individual will see progress with 100rep sets of leg extensions for the first 6 months, but if he does it for 5 years, he will never have the quads of the same guy that works up to a 500lb squat over that same time.